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ICAO Paraphrase Practice: Say It Another Way

Build your ICAO paraphrase skills by saying the same operational message in another way. Practise keeping the reason, condition and uncertainty intact.

BRIEFING

Change the words, keep the meaning

An ICAO paraphrase gives the listener the same message in different words. Start with the essential fact, then preserve any condition, order, uncertainty or reason. “The noise comes and goes” can restate “the noise is intermittent” without claiming that it has stopped.

If you cannot recall a technical word, describe what you see or what the system is doing. An effective paraphrase does not turn a request into a clearance, an unknown cause into a diagnosis, or “only if” into permission. Speak your answer first, then compare the models.

  1. Look at the image where shown and identify what matters in the original message.
  2. Record a paraphrase that keeps its condition, reason or uncertainty.
  3. Compare the models, then complete the short typed rewrites.
PRACTICE

Work through the exercise

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PRACTICE 01

Name the obstruction

A service vehicle blocking a taxiway in front of an aircraft.

The examiner asks

Look at the image. Rephrase this for ground control: “Something is across our taxiway. We cannot continue until it moves.” Include what you can see and what you need.

Your taskRephrase the message aloud without changing its meaning.

Model answers

There is a vehicle across the taxiway in front of us. We are unable to continue taxiing because it is in the way. I would tell ground control that we are stopped and need to wait until the vehicle moves. I would ask for more informations about the route. Then I would listen to the next instruction before moving the aircraft.

Notes for Level 4

Structure
“Informations” is a small form error; “information” is uncountable.
Vocabulary
Concrete words convey the core message with limited range.
Comprehension
The key situation and requested purpose remain understandable.

A vehicle is blocking our taxiway, so we cannot continue along the cleared route. I would tell ground control that we are holding position and ask them to let us know how to proceed. We need the vehicle to move before we can use that route. If another route is offered, I would check and read back the revised instruction before moving.

Notes for Level 5

Structure
Linked clauses preserve the reason, condition or sequence.
Vocabulary
More precise alternatives restate the message without changing its key meaning.
Interactions
The response states a communication need and a sensible check.

There is a vehicle across the taxiway, and it prevents us from continuing on our present route. I would report that we are holding position and ask ground control how they want us to proceed. We can use the existing route once the obstruction has moved and the appropriate instruction is confirmed; alternatively, the controller may offer another route. I would not assume that either option is already authorised.

Notes for Level 6

Vocabulary
Flexible wording preserves important limits and distinguishes what is known.
Structure
Varied sentences qualify the message accurately.
Fluency
Ideas move naturally from the paraphrase to its operational implication.
Interactions
The proposed response makes the other party’s understanding explicit.
Which model answer was closest to yours?

PRACTICE 02

Describe the cabin

A light haze near the ceiling in an aircraft cabin.

The examiner asks

Look at the image. Rephrase this for ATC: “The cabin crew have seen something in the air, but do not know where it comes from.” Say what is visible and what is uncertain.

Your taskRephrase the message aloud without changing its meaning.

Model answers

The cabin crew can see a light haze in the cabin. We do not know where it is coming from. I would tell the controller about the haze and say that the crew is checking the situation. We will give more information when we know more. If we need assistance, I would explain it clear and tell the controller our intentions.

Notes for Level 4

Structure
“Explain it clear” is understandable; “clearly” is the more accurate form.
Vocabulary
Concrete words convey the core message with limited range.
Comprehension
The key situation and requested purpose remain understandable.

The cabin crew have reported a light haze, and its source has not yet been identified. I would pass that observation to ATC and explain that we are assessing the situation. I would state our intentions and request any assistance we need, then update the controller as soon as we have reliable further information. I would avoid naming a source until it is confirmed.

Notes for Level 5

Structure
Linked clauses preserve the reason, condition or sequence.
Vocabulary
More precise alternatives restate the message without changing its key meaning.
Interactions
The response states a communication need and a sensible check.

There is a light haze in the cabin, according to the crew, but we cannot yet identify its source. I would make that distinction explicit when speaking to ATC, because a description of the evidence is more useful than an unconfirmed diagnosis. I would communicate our intentions and any assistance needed, then keep the controller informed if the haze changes or our assessment develops.

Notes for Level 6

Vocabulary
Flexible wording preserves important limits and distinguishes what is known.
Structure
Varied sentences qualify the message accurately.
Fluency
Ideas move naturally from the paraphrase to its operational implication.
Interactions
The proposed response makes the other party’s understanding explicit.
Which model answer was closest to yours?

PRACTICE 03

Rephrase a weather need

A dark cloud and rain shaft ahead of an aircraft.

The examiner asks

Look at the image. Rephrase this for ATC: “The weather is on our intended track, so we need to go around it.” Describe the visible weather and make a request.

Your taskRephrase the message aloud without changing its meaning.

Model answers

There is a dark cloud and rain ahead of us. The weather is on our track, so we need to go around it. I would tell the controller what we can see and request a deviation towards the clearer side. We need to wait for the reply and read it back. If we cannot use that direction, I will ask for another option.

Notes for Level 4

Structure
The response uses simple linked sentences, with limited variety in Structure.
Vocabulary
Concrete words convey the core message with limited range.
Comprehension
The key situation and requested purpose remain understandable.

A dark cloud and rain are ahead on our intended track, and we need to avoid them. I would request a deviation towards the clearer side and explain the reason to ATC. I would listen to any restrictions, read back the response and clarify anything that is unclear. If that route is unavailable, I would discuss another direction without assuming it has been approved.

Notes for Level 5

Structure
Linked clauses preserve the reason, condition or sequence.
Vocabulary
More precise alternatives restate the message without changing its key meaning.
Interactions
The response states a communication need and a sensible check.

The visible weather lies on our intended track, so I would request a deviation towards the clearer area and explain that we need to avoid the cloud and rain. I would not infer a distance from the picture. Once ATC responds, I would confirm the direction and any limit on the deviation. If the proposed route is unavailable, I would explain our need again and explore an alternative.

Notes for Level 6

Vocabulary
Flexible wording preserves important limits and distinguishes what is known.
Structure
Varied sentences qualify the message accurately.
Fluency
Ideas move naturally from the paraphrase to its operational implication.
Interactions
The proposed response makes the other party’s understanding explicit.
Which model answer was closest to yours?

PRACTICE 04

Keep the restriction

Several birds standing on a runway.

The examiner asks

Look at the runway. Rephrase this as a controller: “Something on the runway may prevent departure; we must wait for it to clear.” Say what you see and keep the restriction.

Your taskRephrase the message aloud without changing its meaning.

Model answers

There are birds on the runway. I would tell the pilot to hold position and explain that the birds are still on the runway. We need to wait until the area is clear. I would contact the airport team and give the pilot new information when I have it. I would not say the runway is clear when I am not sure.

Notes for Level 4

Structure
Simple repetition makes the restriction clear but gives the response limited range.
Vocabulary
Concrete words convey the core message with limited range.
Comprehension
The key situation and requested purpose remain understandable.

Birds are on the runway, so I would instruct the aircraft to hold position and explain the reason. I would coordinate with the airport team and update the pilot when I have further information. The original message says we must wait for the hazard to clear; it does not give permission to depart. I would check the runway status before issuing another movement instruction.

Notes for Level 5

Structure
Linked clauses preserve the reason, condition or sequence.
Vocabulary
More precise alternatives restate the message without changing its key meaning.
Interactions
The response states a communication need and a sensible check.

The immediate restriction is that the aircraft must wait: there are birds on the runway. I would use a hold instruction and add that explanation, then coordinate with the appropriate airport team. It would be misleading to turn “wait until clear” into a prediction that departure is imminent. I would establish the runway status, inform the pilot of any change and only then decide on the next instruction.

Notes for Level 6

Vocabulary
Flexible wording preserves important limits and distinguishes what is known.
Structure
Varied sentences qualify the message accurately.
Fluency
Ideas move naturally from the paraphrase to its operational implication.
Interactions
The proposed response makes the other party’s understanding explicit.
Which model answer was closest to yours?

PRACTICE 05

Explain the need for treatment

White frost on the wing of an aircraft parked at an airport.

The examiner asks

Look at the wing. Rephrase this for ATC: “The aircraft must be treated before departure because of the condition on the wing.” Name the visible condition and the request.

Your taskRephrase the message aloud without changing its meaning.

Model answers

There is frost on the wing. We need treatment before we can depart, so I would tell ground control and request de-icing. I would explain that we are not ready for departure yet. The crew needs to check the wing and follow the correct procedure. After the treatment, we will tell the controller when we are ready and listen for further instructions.

Notes for Level 4

Structure
The response is accurate and concrete, with mostly simple Structure.
Vocabulary
Concrete words convey the core message with limited range.
Comprehension
The key situation and requested purpose remain understandable.

Frost is visible on the wing, so I would tell ground control that we need de-icing before departure. I would make it clear that we are not ready to depart yet and request the necessary ground arrangements. After treatment, the crew would follow the applicable procedures and advise ATC when ready. I would not suggest that the treatment has already happened.

Notes for Level 5

Structure
Linked clauses preserve the reason, condition or sequence.
Vocabulary
More precise alternatives restate the message without changing its key meaning.
Interactions
The response states a communication need and a sensible check.

The wing appears to be covered in frost, and the message says treatment is needed before departure. I would report that condition to ground control, request de-icing and make it clear that we are not yet ready to depart. The picture does not establish which treatment has already been arranged. Once the crew has completed the relevant checks and procedures, I would update ATC on our readiness.

Notes for Level 6

Vocabulary
Flexible wording preserves important limits and distinguishes what is known.
Structure
Varied sentences qualify the message accurately.
Fluency
Ideas move naturally from the paraphrase to its operational implication.
Interactions
The proposed response makes the other party’s understanding explicit.
Which model answer was closest to yours?

PRACTICE 06

Preserve uncertainty

The examiner asks

Rephrase this maintenance report for a controller: “We hear the noise intermittently, but we do not know which system is causing it.” Explain what is known and what is not.

Your taskRephrase the message aloud without changing its meaning.

Model answers

We can hear a noise, but it does not happen all the time. It starts and stops, and we do not know which system is causing it. I would tell the controller these details and explain what help we need. We are still checking the aircraft, so I cannot give a cause. I will send more informations when we know more.

Notes for Level 4

Structure
“Informations” is a small form error; the rest keeps the uncertainty clear.
Vocabulary
Concrete words convey the core message with limited range.
Comprehension
The key situation and requested purpose remain understandable.

There is a noise that comes and goes, but we have not identified its source. I would report the intermittent noise to ATC and explain that the crew is still investigating. I would also state any effect on our intended flight and request assistance if required. Until we know more, I would avoid attributing the noise to a particular system.

Notes for Level 5

Structure
Linked clauses preserve the reason, condition or sequence.
Vocabulary
More precise alternatives restate the message without changing its key meaning.
Interactions
The response states a communication need and a sensible check.

We have an intermittent noise, but its source remains unknown. I would describe when we hear it and whether it affects our plans, while making clear that we have not traced it to a particular system. Saying that a system has failed would go beyond the information given. As the crew investigates, I would update ATC and specify any assistance or change of routing we need.

Notes for Level 6

Vocabulary
Flexible wording preserves important limits and distinguishes what is known.
Structure
Varied sentences qualify the message accurately.
Fluency
Ideas move naturally from the paraphrase to its operational implication.
Interactions
The proposed response makes the other party’s understanding explicit.
Which model answer was closest to yours?

PRACTICE 07

Keep the condition

The examiner asks

Rephrase this request: “We can accept another heading only if it does not take us into the weather.” Explain the condition without implying that the new heading is already cleared.

Your taskRephrase the message aloud without changing its meaning.

Model answers

We can take a different heading, but it must not bring us into the weather. I would explain this to the controller and ask what heading is available. We cannot accept a route through the weather. We will listen to the reply and check the direction before we act. If it is not suitable, I would say unable and explain why.

Notes for Level 4

Structure
The limitation is clear, expressed through short and direct clauses.
Vocabulary
Concrete words convey the core message with limited range.
Comprehension
The key situation and requested purpose remain understandable.

We are willing to accept an alternative heading provided it keeps us clear of the weather. I would state that condition when asking ATC for an option, then check the proposed heading against the conditions we can see. If it does not meet our need, I would say we are unable and explain the reason. An offer is not the same as an accepted clearance.

Notes for Level 5

Structure
Linked clauses preserve the reason, condition or sequence.
Vocabulary
More precise alternatives restate the message without changing its key meaning.
Interactions
The response states a communication need and a sensible check.

An alternative heading would be acceptable only if it keeps us away from the weather. I would put that condition to ATC before considering a new instruction, because removing it would change the meaning of the original request. If a proposed heading did not meet the condition, I would say unable and explain the conflict; I would not imply that any deviation had already been authorised.

Notes for Level 6

Vocabulary
Flexible wording preserves important limits and distinguishes what is known.
Structure
Varied sentences qualify the message accurately.
Fluency
Ideas move naturally from the paraphrase to its operational implication.
Interactions
The proposed response makes the other party’s understanding explicit.
Which model answer was closest to yours?

PRACTICE 08

Keep the sequence

The examiner asks

Rephrase this report: “The warning went out, then came back during descent.” Explain what happened in order and what you still need to establish.

Your taskRephrase the message aloud without changing its meaning.

Model answers

The warning was on and then it went out. During the descent it came back on. I would tell the controller the order of these events and say that we are checking the problem. We do not yet know why it returned. I would explain if it changes our plan and ask for help if needed. I will update the controller when I know more.

Notes for Level 4

Structure
Short past-tense sentences keep the order understandable.
Vocabulary
Concrete words convey the core message with limited range.
Comprehension
The key situation and requested purpose remain understandable.

The warning had gone out, but it appeared again during descent. I would report that sequence to ATC and explain that the crew is investigating the cause. The fact that it went out does not mean the problem has been resolved. I would state any effect on our plans and pass on further information once we have established what the warning means.

Notes for Level 5

Structure
Linked clauses preserve the reason, condition or sequence.
Vocabulary
More precise alternatives restate the message without changing its key meaning.
Interactions
The response states a communication need and a sensible check.

The warning cleared initially and then reappeared during descent. I would preserve that sequence in the report, because saying merely that it is on would lose the change over time. We still need to establish the cause and any operational effect; the warning’s temporary disappearance does not prove the fault was fixed. I would update ATC if our intentions or assistance needs changed.

Notes for Level 6

Vocabulary
Flexible wording preserves important limits and distinguishes what is known.
Structure
Varied sentences qualify the message accurately.
Fluency
Ideas move naturally from the paraphrase to its operational implication.
Interactions
The proposed response makes the other party’s understanding explicit.
Which model answer was closest to yours?

PRACTICE 09

Keep the meaning

Enter the requested missing word or short phrase.

Show model answer and explanation

Model answer: We are unable to continue taxiing.

Unable preserves the fact that the crew cannot continue.

Show model answer and explanation

Model answer: The noise comes and goes.

Comes and goes conveys that the noise is not continuous.

Show model answer and explanation

Model answer: The cause is unknown.

Unknown preserves the uncertainty about the cause.

Show model answer and explanation

Model answer: We diverted to another airport.

Diverted expresses a change to another destination.

Show model answer and explanation

Model answer: We cannot depart due to poor weather.

Due to keeps the stated reason for the departure restriction.

Show model answer and explanation

Model answer: Provided the route is clear.

Provided keeps the condition; it does not say that the route is already clear.

Check your answers and compare your speaking with the model, then see your practice debrief.

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FAQ

Common questions

What is an ICAO paraphrase?

It is a restatement of an aviation message using different words while keeping its essential meaning. This page provides original independent practice, not a fixed list of exam questions.

How do I paraphrase aviation English when I forget a term?

Describe the object, its location, what it is doing and what you need. For example, say that a noise comes and goes if you cannot recall “intermittent”.

What must I preserve when paraphrasing a radio message?

Keep the important facts, direction, sequence, conditions and uncertainty. A request is still a request, and an unknown cause must remain unknown.

Does paraphrasing alone determine an ICAO level?

A flexible vocabulary can help you communicate when an exact word is missing. An ICAO language rating considers all six skills, and the overall level is the lowest score.

How should I use the speaking models?

Record your own answer first. Compare how each model keeps the original meaning, links ideas and handles uncertainty, then record again using your own words.